Applications can be filed as a National Application (Utility, Plant, Design, or Provisional Application) or as a national Stage Application (an International Application that has entered the national stage in the US).
Provisional Applications
Provisional Applications are a special type of application that that is used to establish a filing date. Provisional applications only require a specification and cover sheet. They are kept on file at the PTO and will not be examined on their merits unless a later filed regular application claims priority.
Contents of a provisional – 1) Specification and drawing (if necessary), 2) Cover sheet – identify app as a provisional and provide following: name of all inventors, inventor residence(s), title of invention, name and reg. # of attorney and docket # (if applicable), correspondence address, and any government agency that has a property interest in the application and 3) appropriate fees (small entity discount available).
With a provisional application – claims are not required, no oath or declaration filed, no publication, no RCE, no IDS and it does not have to be in English.
- To establish priority, regular application must be filed within one year
- Claim of priority must be filed within later of four months from the regular filing date or sixteen months from the provisional app filing date – translation of non-English provisional must be filed within this time allotment as well
- Regular application must have at least one inventor in common with provisional
- Regular application must contain a cross-reference to prior provisional
- Pendency is extended to next business day
- If applicant fails to make priority claim within 4/16 months, he may petition to accept an unintentionally delayed claim. This petition requires a fee and statement that the entire delay between due date and date filed was unintentional
- A provisional can never claim priority to another application
- A design application may not claim priority to a provisional
Reissue Patent
A reissue patent replaces an unexpired defective patent. A reissue is proper if there is a material defect in the original patent.
Continuing Applications
Must be filed during the pendency of a prior application claiming priority; multiple continuing applications are acceptable.
Continuation –
- Directed towards the same general invention as parent
- Filed during pendency (before patenting, abandonment, or termination of proceedings)
- Discloses same or less subject matter
- Has at least one common inventor with parent
- Contains a cross reference to parent
- If filed on or after Nov 29,2000, the claim for benefit must be made within later of 4 months from filing date of the application or 16 months from parent filing date
Continuation-In-Part (CIP) –
CIP adds new matter; other requirements are the same as for a continuation. The effective filing date of a CIP is determined by the date on which the claim first finds support; analyzed on a claim by claim analysis.
Divisional Application –
A divisional application for an individual or distinct invention ‘carved out’ of the parent. It may only disclose and claim only subject matter disclosed in the parent. Other requirements are the same as continuation.
- Inventorship may change upon filing a divisional; overlap of inventors is measured as of the original filing date of application.
- A design application may be filed as a division of a regular application if the drawings in the original application sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
Continued Prosecution Application (CPA) –
The pending application must be regular or plant filed on or before May 29, 2000 (irrespective of any priority claim), an international application (before May 29, 2000) that has entered national stage, or a design application of any vintage.
- A continuation or divisional (but not CIP) may be filed via CPA.
- The inventors may be the same or fewer as those of the parent application. Presumption of identical, unless statement requesting deletion.
- Causes parent application to become abandoned automatically.
- Applicant will not be allowed to amend the first paragraph of the application to add a cross reference.
- Only a request is filed – no new specification is needed.
- The filing date is the date on which the requesting paper is received.
Other Continuing Information –
- Obviousness-type double patenting rejection – asserts that claims presented in multiple applications should have been presented all in one application.
- Papers submitted in a parent do not automatically become part of the continuing application (unless it’s a CPA). Such documents can be copied and refilled – including small entity assertions in parent.
- An assignment of a parent application carries title to any divisional, continuation, or reissue application filed after the date of assignment. (CIP’s are ambiguous).
Statutory Invention Registration –
SIR is not a patent; serves as prior art to later applicants’ applications.
Inventorship
Inventors must have contributed to the claimed invention. When determining contribution of inventors, provisional applications are determined on the basis of disclosure, as opposed to claim by claim in regular applications.
Correction of Inventorship {Rule 48 [MPEP 201.03]}
Errors in inventors originally named –
- Oath/Declaration already filed: request to correct; statement from each person being added and from each person being deleted that error was without deceptive intent; O/D by actual inventors; fee; if assigned, written consent of assignee
- Oath/declaration not yet filed: file oath/declaration that names the proper inventive entity
Cancellation or Amendment of Claims –
- Removal of Inventor from inventive entity – to remove, if oath/declaration has been filed: request that identifies the name of inventor being deleted; acknowledges that inventor’s invention is no longer being claimed; fee
- Amendment of claims that requires addition of Inventor – to add, if oath/declaration has been filed: request to correct; statement from each person being added that the addition is necessitated by amendment of claims and error was without deceptive intent; oath/declaration by actual inventors; fee; if assignment, written consent from assignee
Correcting Provisionals –
- Provisional with no cover sheet – filing of a cover sheet naming correct inventors will operate to correct inventive entity.
- Provisional (adding inventor after cover sheet filed) – request to correct Inventorship that identifies the inventor being added; error occurred without deceptive intent; fee.
- Provisional (deleting inventor after cover sheet filed) – request with desired change; statement from person being deleted that error occurred without deceptive intent; fee; if assignment, written consent by assignee.
Correction of Inventorship Not Required
- Issuance with Correct Inventors – if the inventive entity is correct as of the issue date, no correction required
- Typos or other name errors – need not be corrected; can be corrected with a certificate of correction
- Name Change – need not be corrected; distinguished from incorrect inventor
Other Ways to Correct Inventorship
- court order
- reissue
Foreign Priority Claims
Applications claiming priority to a foreign application must be filed within 12 months of the prior application (six months for designs). Time measured from date of first foreign application.
- A priority claim under 119(e) and 120 establishes an effective US filing date for all purposes for commonly disclosed subject matter
- A foreign priority claim does not establish an effective US filing date for all purposes for commonly disclosed subject matter. If there is a statutory 102(b) bar, the foreign priority claim will not help the applicant. The 102(b) bar is based on the actual US filing date.
Requirements for Foreign Priority Claim –
- NTO or WTO country – foreign application must have been filed by inventor or his assigns; US application must be filed within 12 months of foreign application’s filing date; must be same invention; priority claim must be made with submission of a certified copy of the foreign priority document. The claim for priority may be filed at any time up to (including) the date of issuance of patent (should be submitted by payment of issue fee).
- For applications filed in US (or entered national stage) on or after 5/29/2000, the priority claim must be made within four months of the filing date or 16 months from foreign filing date (the later) – petition may be filed.
- Applicant must claim priority to the first filed application.
Publication of Patent Applications
Most patent applications are published 18 months from the earliest priority date under any claim of foreign or domestic priority. The publication statute applies to any application filed on or after Nov 29, 2000 (including CPA, not including RCE). For earlier filed applications, the applicant may request publication.
Exceptions –
- applications that are no longer pending (issued or abandoned)
- applications subject to a secrecy order or publication would be detrimental to national security
- provisionals; designs; reissues
Exceptions upon request –
- must be made upon filing of application; request must certify that the invention has not been and will not be subject of a foreign patent application
- applicant may file a petition with fee to avoid publication of a currently pending application; may not file a continuing application with a nonpublication request
- if application is filed abroad (after nonpublication request), the applicant must notify the PTO within 45 days or application will become abandoned.
Publication format and process –
Each utility and plant application must be in condition for publication: contains filing fee and oath/declaration; specification of sufficient quality for optical character recognition; title and abstract in compliance with 1.72; drawings “acceptable” for use in the patent application publication as prior art document; and sequence listing computer-readable form.
- If applicant wants publication to be reflected by amendment, applicant must timely file a copy of the application as amended.
- The patent application publication will be based on the EFS copy of the application if the EFS copy is filed within the later of: 14 months from the earliest claimed priority date; or one months from the application’s actual filing date; or before the PTO has started the publication process; or within one month of the mail date of the first filing receipt indicating the application’s confirmation number.
- The applicant must also file and EFS copy of the application: for ‘voluntary’ publication of an application pending on Nov 29, 2000; or for publication of an application as redacted; or for republication of an application.
- If drawings are ‘acceptable,’ applicant may submit better quality drawings for publication with: an EFS copy of the application; or a petition within the later of 14 months from the earliest claimed priority date or one month from the actual filing date of application.
